Yayati: A Classic Marathi Novel by Vishnu Khandekar
Yayati is a Marathi novel written by Vishnu Khandekar, who won the Jnanpith Award for this work in 1974. It is based on a story from the Mahabharata, where Yayati, a king of the lunar dynasty, exchanges his old age with his son Puru to enjoy worldly pleasures for a thousand years. The novel explores the themes of love, lust, desire, sacrifice, and renunciation through the lives of Yayati and his four wives: Devayani, Sharmishtha, Alaka, and Ashrubindumati.
The novel is considered as one of the masterpieces of Marathi literature and has been translated into several languages. It has also been adapted into a play, a film, and a television series. The novel is praised for its poetic language, rich symbolism, psychological insight, and philosophical depth.
If you are interested in reading this novel, you can download a free PDF version from the links below. You can also buy a hard copy from Amazon or Flipkart.
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The novel begins with Yayati's father Nahusha being cursed by the sage Agastya to become a snake for insulting him. Yayati succeeds his father as the king and marries Devayani, the daughter of Shukracharya, the guru of the asuras. Devayani's maid Sharmishtha, who is also the daughter of the asura king Vrishaparva, accompanies her as a servant. One day, Yayati accidentally encounters Sharmishtha in a forest and falls in love with her. He secretly marries her and has three sons with her: Druhyu, Anu, and Puru.
Devayani eventually discovers Yayati's infidelity and complains to her father. Shukracharya curses Yayati to become old and decrepit, but allows him to exchange his old age with someone who is willing. Yayati asks his sons to take his old age, but only Puru agrees. Yayati regains his youth and indulges in sensual pleasures with both his wives for a thousand years. He also marries two more women: Alaka, the princess of Gandharva, and Ashrubindumati, the princess of Vidarbha.
However, Yayati realizes that his desires are never satisfied and that he is wasting his life in vain pursuits. He decides to renounce his kingdom and his wives and return his old age to Puru. He appoints Puru as his successor and retires to the forest with Devayani. He spends his last days in meditation and attains moksha (liberation).
The novel also explores the themes of love, lust, desire, sacrifice, and renunciation through the different characters and their relationships. Yayati's love for Sharmishtha is contrasted with his lust for Devayani, who is obsessed with him and jealous of his other wives. Yayati's desire for worldly pleasures is contrasted with his son Puru's sacrifice of his youth and his devotion to his father. Yayati's renunciation of his kingdom and his wives is contrasted with his son Yadu's ambition and rebellion.
The novel also raises several questions on the nature of morality and the role of fate and free will in human life. Yayati questions the validity of the curse imposed by Shukracharya, who acts out of anger and pride. He also questions the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmins, who prescribe rigid rules of conduct and rituals. He wonders if he can create his own morality based on his experience and reason. He also wonders if he can change his destiny by his actions or if he is bound by the law of karma.
The novel is a psychological and philosophical exploration of the human condition, as well as a poetic and symbolic representation of the ancient Indian culture and mythology. It is a novel that challenges the reader to reflect on their own values and choices in life. 29c81ba772
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